1/ Qu’est-ce que la finesse?
La finesse est un ratio qui correspond à la distance au sol que peux parcourir un objet volant pour une vitesse et altitude de départ donné, sans moyen de traction. La finesse est aussi appelée taux de chute.
Pour résumer, un aéronef qui part d’une altitude de 1000m, et qui se pose à 45Km à une finesse de 45 (ce qui est correct pour un planeur). Les planeurs les plus performants atteignent des finesses de 60. Et certains prototypes arrivent même à des finesses de 100!
2/ Mais comment décolle-t-on?
Il existe plusieurs façons de décoller.
La plus répandue, c’est le remorquage (surtout par un autre avion, mais aussi par voiture, …).
Ensuite, vient le catapultage. Plus ou moins comme sur un porte avion… Un treuil tire le planeur jusque 1500 à 3000mètres…
3/Comment reste-t-on en vole?
Comme un avion en papier, le planeur perd constamment de l'altitude quand il vole. Plus haut il sera lâché, plus il ira loin. L’altitude est ainsi transformée en distance. Le but est donc de faire un vole en descente lente et constante.
A/Les Thermiques: Il est faux de penser que le vent est constamment horizontale. La masse d’air qui nous entoure est très mouvante, et comme dans un fluide que l’on exposerait à différentes températures, il est fréquent de rencontrer des mouvements de convection horizontaux. Ce sont des masses d’air qui chauffent, forment une bulle d’air chaud sur le sol, qui grossit, et finis par s’élever comme une montgolfière. En arrivant dans les couches de l'atmosphère plus froides elles forment des nuages: les cumulus.
Pour rester en vol, les planeurs utilisent l’un ou l’autre phénomène (voir les deux). Comment?
C’est simple: Si un planeur perd 2m d’altitude par seconde, et qu’il rentre dans un courant ascendant de 5m/s… Alors le planeur montera de 3m/s…
It is a discipline of aeronautics which I've not yet mentioned: the flying veil.
A glider is an airplane, except that it has no engine, and that it’s wings are much longer, and it is much sharp...
1 / What is the sharpness?
The sharpness is a ratio that corresponds to the ground distance that can go with a starting flying speed and altitude given, without traction. The sharpness is also called the sink rate.
To summarize, an aircraft from an altitude of 1000m, who ride 45Km as a sharpness of 45 (what is correct for a glider). The best performing gliders reach finer 60. And some prototype get a sharpness near 100!
2 / But how does it take off?
There are several ways to take off.
The most common is the towing (especially by another aircraft, but also by car ...). The first aircraft were gliders towed by horses ... And even today, most gliders take off being towed. Even if today they are airplanes!
Then, the catapult. More or less like an aircraft carrier ... A winch pulls the glider up to 1500/3000 meters ...
Finally, there are also motor-glider: gliders are equipped with an engine and a retractable propeller. The glider takes off like an airplane and flies like a glider, the propeller is stored to reduce aerodynamic drag.
C’est simple: Si un planeur perd 2m d’altitude par seconde, et qu’il rentre dans un courant ascendant de 5m/s… Alors le planeur montera de 3m/s…
A glider is an airplane, except that it has no engine, and that it’s wings are much longer, and it is much sharp...
The sharpness is a ratio that corresponds to the ground distance that can go with a starting flying speed and altitude given, without traction. The sharpness is also called the sink rate.
To summarize, an aircraft from an altitude of 1000m, who ride 45Km as a sharpness of 45 (what is correct for a glider). The best performing gliders reach finer 60. And some prototype get a sharpness near 100!
There are several ways to take off.
The most common is the towing (especially by another aircraft, but also by car ...). The first aircraft were gliders towed by horses ... And even today, most gliders take off being towed. Even if today they are airplanes!
Then, the catapult. More or less like an aircraft carrier ... A winch pulls the glider up to 1500/3000 meters ...
3/How can it stay in the sky?
Like a paper airplane, the glider loses altitude constantly when it flies. The more it is released on altitude, the more it will go far. The altitude is transformed on distance. The goal is to make a fly in slow, steady descent.
But then, how can it stay in flights for some hours, and how often we can see gliders gain altitude? Let me tell you a little bit about weather:
A / Thermal: It is wrong to think that the wind is always horizontal. The mass of air that surrounds us is very moving, and like a fluid, exposed to different temperatures, it is common to find horizontal convection. They are warm air masses that form a bubble of hot air on the ground, which grows, and finally, rise like a balloon. Arriving in the colder high atmosphere it form clouds: cumulus.
It's simple: If a glider loses altitude of 2m/s, and it goes into a rising stream of 5m/s ... Then the glider rise 3m/s ...
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